ABSTRACT
Background: Students belonging to sexual and gender diversity experience chronic stress due to stigmatization and discrimination. Aim: To identify the experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender/transsexual, and queer (LGBTQ+) medical students. Material and Methods: Systematic literature review using the PRISMA protocol in PubMed, ERIC, EMBASE, and LILACS databases. Articles published in Spanish or English were considered. Three authors independently reviewed and synthesized information from the selected articles, according to the PRISMA criteria. Results: Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Forty-three experiences were reported, which were finally classified into four categories: i) Relationship between peers in the educational context (23%), ii) Relationship between students and teachers in the educational context (23%), iii) Relationship with the educational institution (34%), and iv) Curriculum and training experience (19%). The relationship with the educational institution was identified as the most relevant category. Students with a strong sense of belonging to their institution were more likely to be persistent and make an effort in learning. The second most relevant experiences, mainly negative, derive from interactions with peers and teachers. Conclusions: LGBTQ+ medical students still experience more discrimination than inclusion during their training. Therefore, medical schools should render medical education a more inclusive space for the LGBTQ+ population.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Students, Medical , Homosexuality, Female , Sexual and Gender Minorities , Sexual Behavior , Gender IdentityABSTRACT
Knowing what characterizes an excellent teacher is relevant to guide training, evaluation, and continuous improvement of the clinical teacher. We performed a systematic review using the PRISMA protocol, aiming to identify the attributes of an excellent clinical teacher. MEDLINE, ERIC, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases were searched for articles published in English and Spanish, between 2007 and 2019. Two independent reviewers extracted and synthesized data from articles that met the PRISMA pre-established criteria. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. Of the 106 attributes reported by the studies, 49 (46,2%) were generic. The most frequently mentioned attribute was respectfulness. Forty-six attributes (43,3%) were pedagogical. Feedback and planning were those most frequently mentioned. Eleven attributes (10,3%) were disciplinary and clinical skills was the most mentioned. We conclude that generic and pedagogical dimensions had a greater representation in the literature, in comparison with the disciplinary dimension. This could be explained, considering that having adequate clinical skills is the minimal necessary requisite to become a clinical teacher, but does not make a difference in how their performance is perceived, contrary to the generic and pedagogical dimensions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Clinical Competence , Education, Medical , Education, Medical/standards , FeedbackABSTRACT
Las competencias laborales de enfermería permiten disminuir inequidades, acceso limitado a los servicios y favorecen una atención segura y de calidad. La formación de enfermeras/os es fundamental en la composición y dinámica de la fuerza de trabajo en enfermería, la calidad y pertinencia de los cuidados y el desarrollo de la capacidad institucional en salud. Objetivo: responder dos interrogantes: ¿Cuáles son los requerimientos actuales para el/la enfermero/a en el ámbito de la gestión y administración?, y ¿cuáles son las competencias de gestión de enfermería más importantes y su relación con la gestión de cuidado? Método: revisión de la literatura que parte con una exploración de campo desde los contextos y desafíos actuales de la profesión. La búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó en las bases de datos Cochrane Library, Lilacs, CINHAL, Dialnet, Universidad de la Rioja, ProQuest, Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, Business Source Premier, SciELO, Scopus. Se encontraron 4.697 artículos. Precisando la búsqueda se seleccionaron 51 artículos y documentos técnicos. Resultados: los estudios que priorizan las competencias de gestión coinciden en colocar entre las más importantes: comunicación, trabajo en equipo, resolución de conflictos y habilidades interpersonales y de liderazgo. En liderazgo priorizan dominio personal, efectividad interpersonal, gestión financiera y de recursos humanos. Conclusiones: las habilidades de gestión y liderazgo se deben basar en conocimientos sólidos y en la experiencia. Asimismo, la concepción de gestión y liderazgo ocupa un lugar complementario al rol de cuidado que tiene la enfermera/o. El liderazgo transformacional y relacional son necesarios para mejorar la satisfacción de las/os enfermeras/os.
The job skills involved in nursing make it possible to reduce inequalities and limited access to services, and to support safe and quality care. The training nurses receive is fundamental to the composition and dynamics of the nursing work force, the quality and appropriateness of nursing care, and the development of institutional capacity in the health sector. Objective: The study was designed to answer two questions: What are the current requirements for nurses in the field of management and administration; and what nursing management skills are most important and how do they relate to health care management? Method: The literature review began by exploring the field in terms of current contexts and challenges to the profession. The bibliographic search involved several the databases; namely, the Cochrane Library, Lilacs, CINAHL, Dialnet, the University of La Rioja, ProQuest, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Business Source Premier, SciELO and Scopus. In all, 4,697 articles were found. When the search was narrowed, 51 technical papers were selected. Results: The studies that prioritize management skills coincide in that the most important ones are: communication, teamwork, conflict resolution, and interpersonal and leadership skills. As for leadership, the priority is on personal mastery, interpersonal effectiveness, financial management and human resources. Conclusions: Management and leadership skills must be based on sound knowledge and experience. Moreover, the concept of management and leadership is complementary to the role of nurses in providing care. Transformational and relational leadership are needed to improve the satisfaction of nurses.
As competências laborais de enfermagem permitem diminuir inequidades, acesso limitado aos serviços e favorecem um atendimento seguro e de qualidade. A formação de enfermeiras/os é fundamental na composição e dinâmica da força de trabalho em enfermagem, na qualidade e pertinência dos cuidados e no desenvolvimento da capacidade institucional em saúde. Objetivo: responder a duas interrogantes: Quais são os requerimentos atuais para a/o enfermeira/o no âmbito da gestão e da administração? Quais são as competências de gestão de enfermagem mais importantes e sua relação com a gestão de cuidado? Método: revisão da literatura que parte com uma exploração de campo a partir dos contextos e desafios atuais da profissão. A busca bibliográfica foi realizada nas bases de dados Cochrane Library, Lilacs, CINHAL, Dialnet, Universidad de la Rioja, ProQuest, Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, Business Source Premier, SciELO, Scopus. Encontraram-se 4.697 artigos. Precisando a busca, selecionaram-se 51 artigos e documentos técnicos. Resultados: os estudos que priorizam as competências de gestão coincidem em colocar entre as mais importantes: comunicação, trabalho em equipe, resolução de conflitos e habilidades interpessoais e liderança. Em liderança, priorizam domínio pessoal, efetividade interpessoal, gestão financeira e de recursos humanos. Conclusões: as habilidades de gestão e liderança devem ser baseadas em conhecimentos sólidos e na experiência. Além disso, a concepção de gestão e liderança ocupa um lugar complementar ao papel de cuidado que a/o enfermeira/o tem. A liderança transformacional e relacional são necessárias para melhorar a satisfação das/os enfermeiras/os.